I’m in the process of starting a proper backup solution however over the years I’ve had a few copy-paste home directory from different systems as a quick and dirty solution. Now I have to pay my technical debt and remove the duplicates. I’m looking for a deduplication tool.
- accept a destination directory
- source locations should be deleted after the operation
- if files content is the same then delete the redundant copy
- if files content is different, move and change the name to avoid name collision I tried doing it in nautilus but it does not look at the files content, only the file name. Eg if two photos have the same content but different name then it will also create a redundant copy.
Edit:
Some comments suggested using btrfs’ feature duperemove. This will replace the same file content with points to the same location. This is not what I intend, I intend to remove the redundant files completely.
Edit 2: Another quite cool solution is to use hardlinks. It will replace all occurances of the same data with a hardlink. Then the redundant directories can be traversed and whatever is a link can be deleted. The remaining files will be unique. I’m not going for this myself as I don’t trust my self to write a bug free implementation.
Use Borg Backup. It has built-in deduplication — it works with chunks not files and will recognize identical chunks and avoid storing them multiple times. It will deduplicate your files and will find duplicated chunks even in files you didn’t know had duplicates. You can continue to keep your files duplicated or clean them out, it doesn’t matter, the borg backups will be optimized either way.
Here are the stats from a backup of 1 server with approx 600gig
Original size Compressed size Deduplicated sizeThis archive: 592.44 GB 553.58 GB 13.79 MB All archives: 14.81 TB 13.94 TB 599.58 GB
Unique chunks Total chunksChunk index: 2760965 19590945
13meg… nice
This is the best: https://github.com/sahib/rmlint
Neat ,wasn’t aware of it, thanks for sharing
jdupes is my go-to solution for file deduplication. It should be able to remove duplicate files. I don’t know how much control it gives you over which duplicate to remove though.
It is so so fast
Be aware that halfway decent backup solutions dedupe. Which is not to say you shouldn’t clean your shit up. I vote https://github.com/qarmin/czkawka.
make sure to make the first backup before you use deduplication. just in case it goes sideways
Restic
I believe zfs has deduplication built in if you want a separate backup partition. Not sure about its reliability though. Personally I just have a script that keeps a backup and an oldbackup, and they are both fairly small. I keep a file in my home dir called excluded for things like linux ISOs that don’t need backed up.
BTRFS also supports deduplication, but not automatically.
duperemovewill do it and you can set it up on a cron task if you want.
hardlink
Most underrated tool that is frequently installed on your system. It recognizes BTRFS. Be aware that there are multiple versions of it in the wild.
It is unattended.
Is hardlink the same as ln without the -s switch?
I tried reading the page but it’s not clear
lncreates a hard link,ln -screates a symlink.So, yes, the hardlink tool effectively replaces a file’s duplicates with hard links automatically, as if you’d used
lnmanually.Ahh! Cool! Thanks for the explanation.
This will indeed save space but I don’t want links either. I unique files
I have exactly the same problem.
I got as far as using
fdupeto identify duplicates and delete the extras. It was slow.Thinking about some of the other comments… If you use a tool to create hardlinks first, then one could then traverse the entire tree and deleting a file if it has more than one hardlink. The two phases could be done piecemeal and are cancelable and restartable.
That sounds doable. I would however not trust my self to code something bug free on the first go xD
Backup backup backup! If you have btrfs them just take a snapshot first: instantly.
One could do a non-destructive rename first. E.g. prepend
deleteme.to the file name, sanity check it, then ‘rollback’ by renaming back without the prefix or commit and delete anything with the prefix.
Take a look at Borg. It is a very well suited backup tool that has deduplication.
btrbk
As said previously, Borg is a full dedplicating incremental archiver complete with compression. You can use relative paths temporarily to build up your backups and a full backup history, then use something like pika to browse the archives to ensure a complete history.
I did not ask for a backup solution, but for a deduplication tool
Tbf you did start your post with
I’m in the process of starting a proper backup
So you’re going to end up with at least a few people talking about how to onboard your existing backups into a proper backup solution (like borg). Your bullet points can certainly probably be organized into a shell script with sync, but why? A proper backup solution with a full backup history is going to be way more useful than dumping all your files into a directory and renaming in case something clobbers. I don’t see the point in doing anything other than tarring your old backups and using
borg import-tar(docs). It feels like you’re trying to go from one half-baked, odd backup solution to another, instead of just going with a full, complete solution.Use rm with the redundant files option.
rm -rf /
Instead of trying to parse the old stuff, could you just run something like borg and then delete the old copypaste backup? Or are there other files there that you need to go through? I ask because I went through a similar thing switching my backups from rsync to borg
I had multiple systems which at some point were syncing with syncthing but over time I stopped using my desktop computer and syncthing service got unmaintained. I’ve had to remove the ssd of the old desktop so I yoinked the home directory and saved it into my laptop. As you can probably tell, a lot of stuff got duplicated and a lot of stuff got diverged over time. My idea is that I would merge everything into my laptops home directory, and rather then look at the diverged files manually as it would be less work. I don’t think doing a backup with all my redundant files will be a good idea as the initial backup will include other backups and a lot of duplicated files.
Ah ok gotcha.
What about folders? Because sometimes when you have duplicated folders (sometimes with a lot of nested subfolders), a file deduplicator will take forever. Do you know of a software that works with duplicate folders?
What do you mean that a file deduplication will take forever if there are duplicated directories? That the scan will take forever or that manual confirmation will take forever?
That manual confirmation will take forever
